Persistent warming of the Arctic Ocean over years means that the planet’s northernmost waterway is ever more ice-free and open to shipping, research, and mining activities. The thawing of the Arctic ice cap is triggering renewed international competition and security concerns. Joseph Harrington describes how the United States, Canada, Nordic nations, Russia, and non-Arctic countries, including China, are jostling for power and position in an old frontier made new by a changing climate.
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