Who are “humans,” after all? Do we include Neanderthals? Denisovans? Homo Erectus? What about Australopithecines, like the celebrated “Lucy"? Jim will begin by distinguishing between Hominids: the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes and Hominins: modern humans, extinct human species, and all our immediate ancestors. He will briefly examine the human rise to civilization and the emerging shape of human culture. Trying to understand how humans came to be has always been a fundamental part of who we are.