The United States Civil War ended in 1865, but fighting in various forms continued in the south until 1877. During this 12-year period there were constitutional amendments, presidential vetoes, a presidential impeachment, white supremacists, the Freedmen’s Bureau, military occupation, carpetbaggers, Scalawags, Redeemers, The Panic of 1873, and under-the-table political deals. Historian Gary Midkiff will review this tumultuous period.